![]() Founded in 1931, the society represents physicians certified by The American Board of Plastic Surgery or The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. ASPS comprises 94 percent of all board-certified plastic surgeons in the United States. With more than 6,000 members, the society is recognized as a leading authority and information source on cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons is the largest organization of board-certified plastic surgeons in the world. Our hope is this study will show expectant mothers another danger of lighting up.” “Smoking is so addictive that pregnant women often can’t stop the habit, no matter what the consequences. We suspected that smoking was a cause of digital anomalies but didn’t expect the results to be so dramatic,” said Dr. “The results of this study were interesting. Nevertheless, the majority of these defects occur without any family history and most causes are unknown which has lead researchers to investigate environmental causes, such as smoking, for these anomalies. Excess digits, however, are 10 times more common in African Americans and are only slightly prevalent in boys. Webbed fingers or toes occur twice as often in boys and are more common in Caucasians than African Americans. Webbed fingers or toes occur one in every 2,000 to 2,500 live births and excess fingers or toes occur one in every 600 live births. Adactyly is the absence of fingers or toes. Syndactyly is having fused or webbed fingers or toes. Polydactyly is the presence of more than five digits on the hands or feet. Known as polydactyly, syndactyly and adactyly, these deformities are the most common congenital limb abnormalities. ![]() Their diet mainly consists of fish local to their habitat. Humboldt penguins have legs set far back on their body and webbed feet that help them dive, swim, and steer like rudders in the water. Women who smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes a day raised the risk 38 percent, and women who smoked 21 or more cigarettes per day raised the risk 78 percent. They spend most of their time nesting in coastal caves and hunting in the oceans along coastlines. The more a woman smoked, the higher the risk became. The study authors discovered pregnant women who smoked one to 10 cigarettes per day increased the risk of having a child with a toe or finger deformity by 29 percent. ![]() Researchers examined the records of more than 6.8 million live births in the United States during 20, finding 5,171 children born with a digital anomaly where the mother smoked during pregnancy but did not suffer from other medical complications, such as heart disease, diabetes or high blood pressure. This study shows that even minimal smoking during pregnancy can significantly increase the risk of having a child with various toe and finger defects.” “Parents would ask why this happened to their child, but I didn’t have an answer. “Reconstructive surgery to repair limb, toe and finger abnormalities in children represents a large portion of my practice – it is the most common issue I treat,” said Benjamin Chang, MD, ASPS member and study author. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |